Add Swap Space on Ubuntu
For Lightsail system there is a limitation of 1Gb of Memory space on Free tier. To gain the most out of the system we need to increase the memory capability of the system by adding the swap storage.
Here's how its done.
Creating a Swap File
In this example, we will create 2 GB
swap file. If you want to add more swap, replace 2G
with the size of the swap space you need.
Complete the steps below to add swap space on Ubuntu 20.04:
First, create a file that will be used as swap:
sudo fallocate -l 2G /swapfile
If the
fallocate
utility is not present on your system, or you get an error message sayingfallocate failed: Operation not supported
, use the following command to create the swap file:sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=2097152
Set the file permissions to
600
to prevent regular users to write and read the file:sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
Create a Linux swap area on the file:
sudo mkswap /swapfile
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2 GiB (2147479552 bytes) no label, UUID=fde7d2c8-06ea-400a-9027-fd731d8ab4c8
Activate the swap file by running the following command:
sudo swapon /swapfile
To make the change permanent open the
/etc/fstab
file:sudo nano /etc/fstab
and paste the following line:
/etc/fstab
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
Verify that the swap is active by using either the
swapon
or thefree
command, as shown below:sudo swapon --show
NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO /swapfile file 2G 0B -1
sudo free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 981Mi 97Mi 68Mi 0.0Ki 814Mi 735Mi Swap: 2.0Gi 10Mi 1.9Gi
Adjusting the Swappiness Value
Swappiness is a Linux kernel property that defines how often the system will use the swap space. It can have a value between 0 and 100. A low value will make the kernel to try to avoid swapping whenever possible, while a higher value will make the kernel to use the swap space more aggressively.
On Ubuntu, the default swappiness value is set to 60
. You can check the current value by typing the following command:
cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
60
While the swappiness value of 60
is OK for most Linux systems, for production servers, you may need to set a lower value.
For example, to set the swappiness value to 10
, run:
sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10
To make this parameter persistent across reboots, append the following line to the /etc/sysctl.conf
file:
/etc/sysctl.conf
vm.swappiness=10
Copy
The optimal swappiness value depends on your system workload and how the memory is being used. You should adjust this parameter in small increments to find an optimal value.
Removing a Swap File
To deactivate and delete the swap file, follow these steps:
First, deactivate the swap space:
sudo swapoff -v /swapfile
Next, remove the swap file entry
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
from the/etc/fstab
file.Finally, remove the actual swapfile file using the
rm
command:sudo rm /swapfile